Canola cultivars having high yield and stabilized fatty acid profiles

ABSTRACT

According to the invention, there are provided novel canola cultivars, seeds of canola cultivars, to the plants, or plant parts, of novel canola cultivars and to methods for producing a canola plants produced by crossing the novel canola cultivars with themselves or another canola cultivar, and the creation of variants by mutagenesis or transformation of the canola cultivars. The novel canola cultivar(s) include canola plants having a desired trait that includes an oleic acid value of about 70% and a yield greater than about 2100 kg/ha, and oils canola seeds having an oleic acid content of greater than about 70% and an α-linolenic acid value of less than about 3%.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional PatentApplication Ser. No. 61/428,380, filed Dec. 30, 2010, the disclosure ofwhich is hereby incorporated herein in its entirety by this reference.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a new and distinctive canola cultivarsand varieties, and plants, seeds, oils and products derived therefrom.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Canola is a genetic variation of rapeseed developed by Canadian plantbreeders specifically for its nutritional qualities, particularly itslow level of saturated fat. In 1956 the nutritional aspects of rapeseedoil were questioned, especially concerning the high eicosenoic anderucic fatty acid contents.

In the early 1960's, Canadian plant breeders isolated rapeseed plantswith low eicosenoic and erucic acid contents. The Health and WelfareDepartment recommended conversion to the production of low erucic acidvarieties of rapeseed. Industry responded with a voluntary agreement tolimit erucic acid content to five percent in food products, effectiveDec. 1, 1973.

In 1985, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration recognized rapeseed andcanola as two different species based on their content and uses.Rapeseed oil is used in industry, while canola oil is used for humanconsumption. High erucic acid rapeseed (HEAR) oil contains 22-60 percenterucic acid, while low erucic acid rapeseed (LEAR) oil has less than 2percent erucic acid. Meal with less than 30 μmol/g glucosinolates isfrom canola. Livestock can safely eat canola meal, but highglucosinolate rapeseed meal should only be fed to cattle because it maycause thyroid problems in monogastric livestock.

Each canola plant produces yellow flowers that, in turn, produce pods,similar in shape to pea pods about ⅕th the size. Within the pods aretiny round seeds that are crushed to obtain canola oil. Each seedcontains approximately 40 percent oil. The remainder of the seed isprocessed into canola meal, which is used as a high protein livestockfeed.

Because it is perceived as“healthy” oil, its use is rising steadily bothas cooking oil and in processed foods. The consumption of canola oil isexpected to surpass corn and cottonseed oils, becoming second only tosoybean oil. It is low in saturates, high in monounsaturates, andcontains a high level of oleic acid. Many people prefer the light colorand mild taste of canola oil over olive oil, the other readily availableoil high in monounsaturates.

Rapeseed has been grown in India for more than 3000 years and in Europesince the 13th century. The 1950s saw the start of large scale rapeseedproduction in Europe. Total world rapeseed/canola production is morethan 22.5 million metric tons.

Farmers in Canada began producing canola oil in 1968. Early canolacultivars were known as single zero cultivars because their oilcontained 5 percent or less erucic acid, but glucosinolates were high.In 1974, the first licensed double zero cultivars (low erucic acid andlow glucosinolates) were grown. Today all canola cultivars are doublezero cultivars. Canola has come to mean all rapeseed cultivars thatproduce oil with less than 2 percent erucic acid and meal with less than30 μmol/g of glucosinolates.

Canola production uses small grain equipment, limiting the need forlarge investments in machinery. Planting costs of canola are similar tothose for winter wheat. The low investment costs and increasing consumerdemand for canola oil make it a potentially good alternative crop.

There are numerous steps in the development of any novel, desirableplant germplasm. Plant breeding begins with the analysis and definitionof problems and weaknesses of the current germplasm, the establishmentof program goals, and the definition of specific breeding objectives.The next step is selection of germplasm that possess the traits to meetthe program goals. The goal is to combine in a single variety animproved combination of desirable traits from the parental germplasm.These important traits may include higher seed yield, resistance todiseases and insects, better stems and roots, tolerance to drought andheat, and better agronomic quality.

Choice of breeding or selection methods depends on the mode of plantreproduction, the heritability of the trait(s) being improved, and thetype of cultivar used commercially (e.g., F₁ hybrid cultivar, purelinecultivar, etc.). For highly heritable traits, a choice of superiorindividual plants evaluated at a single location will be effective,whereas for traits with low heritability, selection should be based onmean values obtained from replicated evaluations of families of relatedplants. Popular selection methods commonly include pedigree selection,modified pedigree selection, mass selection, and recurrent selection.

The complexity of inheritance influences choice of the breeding method.Backcross breeding is used to transfer one or a few favorable genes fora highly heritable trait into a desirable cultivar. This approach hasbeen used extensively for breeding disease-resistant cultivars. Variousrecurrent selection techniques are used to improve quantitativelyinherited traits controlled by numerous genes. The use of recurrentselection in self-pollinating crops depends on the ease of pollination,the frequency of successful hybrids from each pollination, and thenumber of hybrid offspring from each successful cross.

Each breeding program should include a periodic, objective evaluation ofthe efficiency of the breeding procedure. Evaluation criteria varydepending on the goal and objectives, but should include gain fromselection per year based on comparisons to an appropriate standard,overall value of the advanced breeding lines, and number of successfulcultivars produced per unit of input (e.g., per year, per dollarexpended, etc.).

Promising advanced breeding lines are thoroughly tested and compared toappropriate standards in environments representative of the commercialtarget area(s) for three or more years. The best lines are candidatesfor new commercial cultivars; those still deficient in a few traits maybe used as parents to produce new populations for further selection.

These processes, which lead to the final step of marketing anddistribution, usually take from eight to 12 years from the time thefirst cross is made. Therefore, development of new cultivars is atime-consuming process that requires precise forward planning, efficientuse of resources, and a minimum of changes in direction.

A most difficult task is the identification of individuals that aregenetically superior, because for most traits the true genotypic valueis masked by other confounding plant traits or environmental factors.One method of identifying a superior plant is to observe its performancerelative to other experimental plants and to a widely grown standardcultivar. If a single observation is inconclusive, replicatedobservations provide a better estimate of its genetic worth.

The goal of plant breeding is to develop new, unique and superior canolacultivars and hybrids. The breeder initially selects and crosses two ormore parental lines, followed by repeated selfing and selection,producing many new genetic combinations. The breeder can theoreticallygenerate billions of different genetic combinations via crossing,selfing and mutations. The breeder has no direct control at the cellularlevel. Therefore, two breeders will never develop the same line, or evenvery similar lines, having the same canola traits.

Each year, the plant breeder selects the germplasm to advance to thenext generation. This germplasm is grown under unique and differentgeographical, climatic and soil conditions, and further selections arethen made, during and at the end of the growing season. The cultivarswhich are developed are unpredictable. This unpredictability is becausethe breeder's selection occurs in unique environments, with no controlat the DNA level (using conventional breeding procedures), and withmillions of different possible genetic combinations being generated. Abreeder of ordinary skill in the art cannot predict the final resultinglines he develops, except possibly in a very gross and general fashion.The same breeder cannot produce the same cultivar twice by using theexact same original parents and the same selection techniques. Thisunpredictability results in the expenditure of large amounts of researchmonies to develop superior new canola cultivars.

The development of new canola cultivars requires the development andselection of canola varieties, the crossing of these varieties andselection of superior hybrid crosses. The hybrid seed is produced bymanual crosses between selected male-fertile parents or by using malesterility systems. These hybrids are selected for certain single genetraits such as pod color, flower color, pubescence color or herbicideresistance which indicate that the seed is truly a hybrid. Additionaldata on parental lines, as well as the phenotype of the hybrid,influence the breeder's decision whether to continue with the specifichybrid cross.

Pedigree breeding and recurrent selection breeding methods are used todevelop cultivars from breeding populations. Breeding programs combinedesirable traits from two or more cultivars or various broad-basedsources into breeding pools from which cultivars are developed byselfing and selection of desired phenotypes. The new cultivars areevaluated to determine which have commercial potential.

Pedigree breeding is used commonly for the improvement ofself-pollinating crops. Two parents which possess favorable,complementary traits are crossed to produce an F₁. An F₂ population isproduced by selling one or several F₁'s. Selection of the bestindividuals may begin in the F₂ population; then, beginning in the F₃,the best individuals in the best families are selected. Replicatedtesting of families can begin in the F₄ generation to improve theeffectiveness of selection for traits with low heritability. At anadvanced stage of inbreeding (i.e., F₆ and F₇), the best lines ormixtures of phenotypically similar lines are tested for potentialrelease as new cultivars.

Mass and recurrent selections can be used to improve populations ofeither self- or cross-pollinating crops. A genetically variablepopulation of heterozygous individuals is either identified or createdby intercrossing several different parents. The best plants are selectedbased on individual superiority, outstanding progeny, or excellentcombining ability. The selected plants are intercrossed to produce a newpopulation in which further cycles of selection are continued.

Backcross breeding has been used to transfer genes for a simplyinherited, highly heritable trait into a desirable homozygous cultivaror inbred line which is the recurrent parent. The source of the trait tobe transferred is called the donor parent. The resulting plant isexpected to have the attributes of the recurrent parent (e.g., cultivar)and the desirable trait transferred from the donor parent. After theinitial cross, individuals possessing the phenotype of the donor parentare selected and repeatedly crossed (backcrossed) to the recurrentparent. The resulting plant is expected to have the attributes of therecurrent parent (e.g., cultivar) and the desirable trait transferredfrom the donor parent.

The single-seed descent procedure in the strict sense refers to plantinga segregating population, harvesting a sample of one seed per plant, andusing the one-seed sample to plant the next generation. When thepopulation has been advanced from the F₂ to the desired level ofinbreeding, the plants from which lines are derived will each trace todifferent F₂ individuals. The number of plants in a population declineseach generation due to failure of some seeds to germinate or some plantsto produce at least one seed. As a result, not all of the F₂ plantsoriginally sampled in the population will be represented by a progenywhen generation advance is completed.

In a multiple-seed procedure, canola breeders commonly harvest one ormore pods from each plant in a population and thresh them together toform a bulk. Part of the bulk is used to plant the next generation andpart is put in reserve. The procedure has been referred to as modifiedsingle-seed descent or the pod-bulk technique.

The multiple-seed procedure has been used to save labor at harvest. Itis considerably faster to thresh pods with a machine than to remove oneseed from each by hand for the single-seed procedure. The multiple-seedprocedure also makes it possible to plant the same number of seeds of apopulation each generation of inbreeding. Enough seeds are harvested tomake up for those plants that did not germinate or produce seed.

Descriptions of other breeding methods that are commonly used fordifferent traits and crops can be found in one of several referencebooks (e.g., Allard, 1960; Simmonds, 1979; Sneep et al., 1979; Fehr,1987).

Proper testing should detect any major faults and establish the level ofsuperiority or improvement over current cultivars. In addition toshowing superior performance, there must be a demand for a new cultivarthat is compatible with industry standards or which creates a newmarket. The introduction of a new cultivar will incur additional coststo the seed producer, the grower, processor and consumer; for specialadvertising and marketing, altered seed and commercial productionpractices, and new product utilization. The testing preceding release ofa new cultivar should take into consideration research and developmentcosts as well as technical superiority of the final cultivar. Forseed-propagated cultivars, it must be feasible to produce seed easilyand economically.

Canola, Brassica napus oleifera annua, is an important and valuablefield crop. Thus, a continuing goal of plant breeders is to developstable, high yielding canola cultivars that are agronomically sound. Thereasons for this goal are obviously to maximize the amount of grainproduced on the land used and to supply food for both animals andhumans. To accomplish this goal, the canola breeder must select anddevelop canola plants that have the traits that result in superiorcultivars.

The foregoing examples of the related art and limitations relatedtherewith are intended to be illustrative and not exclusive. Otherlimitations of the related art will become apparent to those of skill inthe art upon a reading of the specification.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The following embodiments and aspects thereof are described inconjunction with systems, tools and methods which are meant to beexemplary and illustrative, not limiting in scope. In variousembodiments, one or more of the above-described problems have beenreduced or eliminated, while other embodiments are directed to otherimprovements.

According to the invention, there are provided novel canola cultivars.This invention thus relates to the seeds of canola cultivars, to theplants, or plant parts, of novel canola cultivars and to methods forproducing a canola plants produced by crossing the canola cultivars withthemselves or another canola cultivar, and the creation of variants bymutagenesis or transformation of the canola cultivars. The term “novelcanola cultivar” or “novel canola cultivars” as used herein refers tocanola plants having a desired trait that includes an oleic acid valueof about 70%, an α-linolenic acid value of less than about 3%, and ayield greater than about 2100 kg/ha. Thus, any such methods using thenovel canola cultivars are part of this invention: selfing, backcrosses,hybrid production, crosses to populations, and the like. All plantsproduced using novel canola cultivars, as a parent, are within the scopeof this invention. Advantageously, the novel canola cultivars could beused in crosses with other, different, canola plants to produce firstgeneration (F₁) canola hybrid seeds and plants with superiorcharacteristics.

In another aspect, the present invention provides for single or multiplegene converted plants of the novel canola cultivars. The transferredgene(s) may preferably be a dominant or recessive allele. Preferably,the transferred gene(s) will confer such traits as herbicide resistance,insect resistance, resistance for bacterial, fungal, or viral disease,male fertility, male sterility, enhanced nutritional quality, andindustrial usage. The gene may be a naturally occurring canola gene or atransgene introduced through genetic engineering techniques.

In another aspect, the present invention provides regenerable cells foruse in tissue culture of canola plant of the novel canola cultivar. Thetissue culture will preferably be capable of regenerating plants havingthe physiological and morphological characteristics of the foregoingcanola plant, and of regenerating plants having substantially the samegenotype as the foregoing canola plant. Preferably, the regenerablecells in such tissue cultures will be embryos, protoplasts, meristematiccells, callus, pollen, leaves, anthers, roots, root tips, flowers,seeds, pods or stems. Still further, the present invention providescanola plants regenerated from the tissue cultures of the invention.

In another aspect, the present invention provides a method ofintroducing a desired trait into a canola cultivar, wherein the methodcomprises: crossing a plant of the novel canola cultivar with a plant ofanother canola cultivar that comprises a desired trait to produce F₁progeny plants, wherein the desired trait is selected from the groupconsisting of male sterility, herbicide resistance, insect resistance,and resistance to bacterial disease, fungal disease or viral disease;selecting one or more progeny plants that have the desired trait toproduce selected progeny plants; crossing the selected progeny plantswith the novel canola cultivar plants to produce backcross progenyplants; selecting for backcross progeny plants that have the desiredtrait and physiological and morphological characteristics of canolacultivar to produce selected backcross progeny plants; and repeatingthese steps to produce selected first or higher backcross progeny plantsthat comprise the desired trait and all of the physiological andmorphological characteristics of canola cultivar as shown in Tables 1through 6. Included in this aspect of the invention is the plantproduced by the method wherein the plant has the desired trait and allof the physiological and morphological characteristics of a canolacultivars shown in Tables 1 through 6.

In another aspect, the present invention comprises a canola cultivarcomprising imidazolinone resistance and oleic acid content of greaterthan 70%. Preferably the canola cultivar further comprises protein valueof greater than 45%, high yield (i.e., similar or superior to WCC/RRccheck (46A65 and Q2), glucosinolate value of less than 12%, chlorophyllvalue of less than about 12%, less than 3% linolenic acid and oleic acidcontent of greater than 70%. More preferably, the canola cultivarfurther comprises blackleg (Leptosphaeria maculans) resistance, Fusariumwilt and White Rust tolerance, and Clearfield herbicide trait. In aparticular embodiment, the yield is greater than about 2100 kg/ha.

In addition to the exemplary aspects and embodiments described above,further aspects and embodiments will become apparent by study of thefollowing descriptions.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

In the description and tables which follow, a number of terms are used.In order to provide a clear and consistent understanding of thespecification and claims, including the scope to be given such terms,the following definitions are provided:

Allele. Allele is any of one or more alternative forms of a gene, all ofwhich alleles relate to one trait or characteristic. In a diploid cellor organism, the two alleles of a given gene occupy corresponding locion a pair of homologous chromosomes.

Anther arrangement. The orientation of the anthers in fully openedflowers can also be useful as an identifying trait. This can range fromintrose (facing inward toward pistil), erect (neither inward notoutward), or extrose (facing outward away from pistil).

Anther dotting. The presence/absence of anther dotting (colored spots onthe tips of anthers) and if present, the percentage of anther dotting onthe tips of anthers in newly opened flowers is also a distinguishingtrait for varieties.

Anther fertility. This is a measure of the amount of pollen produced onthe anthers of a flower. It can range from sterile (such as in femaleparents used for hybrid seed production) to fertile (all anthersshedding).

AOM hours. A measure of the oxidative stability of an oil usingcurrently accepted Official Methods of the American Oil Chemists'Society (e.g., AOCS 12b-92).

Backcrossing. Backcrossing is a process in which a breeder repeatedlycrosses hybrid progeny back to one of the parents, for example, a firstgeneration hybrid F₁ with one of the parental genotypes of the F₁hybrid.

Blackleg. Resistance to blackleg (Leptosphaeria maculans) is measured ona scale of 1-5 where 1 is the most resistant and 5 is the leastresistant.

Clearfield herbicide trait. Protects crops from a family of herbicidesby genetically inhibiting the activity of the enzyme, acetolactatesynthase (ALS).

Typical commercial processing. As referred to herein, typicallycommercial processing means the refining, bleaching, and deodorizing ofcanola oil which renders it suitable for the application in which it isintended. Examples of typical commercial processing can be found in, forexample, CANOLA AND RAPESEED, PRODUCTION, CHEMISTRY NUTRITION ANDPROCESSING TECHNOLOGY, edited by Fereidoon Shahidi, published by VanNostrand Reinhold (1990).

Cotyledon width. The cotyledons are leaf structures that form in thedeveloping seeds of canola which make up the majority of the mature seedof these species. When the seed germinates, the cotyledons are pushedout of the soil by the growing hypocotyls (segment of the seedling stembelow the cotyledons and above the root) and they unfold as the firstphotosynthetic leafs of the plant. The width of the cotyledons varies byvariety and can be classified as narrow, medium, or wide.

Elite canola. A canola cultivar which has been stabilized for certaincommercially important agronomic traits comprising a stabilized yield ofabout 100% or greater relative to the yield of check varieties in thesame growing location growing at the same time and under the sameconditions. In one embodiment, “elite canola” means a canola cultivarstabilized for certain commercially important agronomic traitscomprising a stabilized yield of 110% or greater relative to the yieldof check varieties in the same growing location growing at the same timeand under the same conditions. In another embodiment, “elite canola”means a canola cultivar stabilized for certain commercially importantagronomic traits comprising a stabilized yield of 115% or greaterrelative to the yield of check varieties in the same growing locationgrowing at the same time and under the same conditions.

Elite canola cultivar. A canola cultivar, per se, which has been soldcommercially.

Elite canola parent cultivar. A canola cultivar which is the parentcultivar of a canola hybrid that has been commercially sold.

Embryo. The embryo is the small plant contained within a mature seed.

FAME analysis. Fatty Acid Methyl Ester analysis is a method that allowsfor accurate quantification of the fatty acids that make up complexlipid classes.

Flower bud location. The location of the unopened flower buds relativeto the adjacent opened flowers is useful in distinguishing between thecanola species. The unopened buds are held above the most recentlyopened flowers in B. napus and they are positioned below the mostrecently opened flower buds in B. rapa.

Flowering date or date to flower. This is measured by the number of daysfrom planting to the stage when 50% of the plants in a population haveone or more open flowers. This varies from variety to variety.

Glucosinolates. These are measured in micromoles (μm) of total alipathicglucosinolates per gram of air-dried oil-free meal. The level ofglucosinolates is somewhat influenced by the sulfur fertility of thesoil, but is also controlled by the genetic makeup of each variety andthus can be useful in characterizing varieties.

Growth habit. At the end of flowering, the angle relative to the groundsurface of the outermost fully expanded leaf petioles is a varietyspecific trait. This trait can range from erect (very upright along thestem) to prostrate (almost horizontal and parallel with the groundsurface).

Imidazolinone resistance (Imi). Resistance and/or tolerance is conferredby one or more genes which alter acetolactate synthase (ALS), also knownas acetohydroxy acid synthase (AHAS) allowing the enzyme to resist theaction of imidazolinone.

Leaf attachment to the stem. This trait is especially useful fordistinguishing between the two canola species. The base of the leafblade of the upper stem leaves of B. rapa completely clasp the stemwhereas those of the B. napus only partially clasp the stem. Those ofthe mustard species do not clasp the stem at all.

Leaf blade color. The color of the leaf blades is variety specific andcan range from light to medium dark green to blue green.

Leaf development of lobes. The leaves on the upper portion of the stemcan show varying degrees of development of lobes which are disconnectedfrom one another along the petiole of the leaf. The degree of lobing isvariety specific and can range from absent (no lobes)/weak through verystrong (abundant lobes).

Leaf glaucosity. This refers to the waxiness of the leaves and ischaracteristic of specific varieties although environment can have someeffect on the degree of waxiness. This trait can range from absent (nowaxiness)/weak through very strong. The degree of waxiness can be bestdetermined by rubbing the leaf surface and noting the degree of waxpresent.

Leaf indentation of margin. The leaves on the upper portion of the stemcan also show varying degrees of serration along the leaf margins. Thedegree of serration or indentation of the leaf margins can vary fromabsent (smooth margin)/weak to strong (heavy saw-tooth like margin).

Leaf pubescence. The leaf pubescence is the degree of hairiness of theleaf surface and is especially useful for distinguishing between thecanola species. There are two main classes of pubescence which areglabrous (smooth/not hairy) and pubescent (hairy) which mainlydifferentiate between the B. napus and B. rapa species, respectively.

Leaf surface. The leaf surface can also be used to distinguish betweenvarieties. The surface can be smooth or rugose (lumpy) with varyingdegrees between the two extremes.

Percent linolenic acid. Percent oil of the seed that is linolenic acid.

Maturity or Date to Maturity. The maturity of a variety is measured asthe number of days between planting and physiological maturity. This isuseful trait in distinguishing varieties relative to one another.

Oil content. This is measured as percent of the whole dried seed and ischaracteristic of different varieties. It can be determined usingvarious analytical techniques such as NMR, NIR, and Soxhlet extraction.

Percent oleic acid (OLE). Percent oil of the seed that is oleic acid.

Percentage of total fatty acids. This is determined by extracting asample of oil from seed, producing the methyl esters of fatty acidspresent in that oil sample and analyzing the proportions of the variousfatty acids in the sample using gas chromatography. The fatty acidcomposition can also be a distinguishing characteristic of a variety.

Petal color. The petal color on the first day a flower opens can be adistinguishing characteristic for a variety. It can be white, varyingshades of yellow or orange.

Plant height. This is the height of the plant at the end of flowering ifthe floral branches are extended upright (i.e., not lodged). This variesfrom variety to variety and although it can be influenced byenvironment, relative comparisons between varieties grown side by sideare useful for variety identification.

Protein content. This is measured as percent of whole dried seed and ischaracteristic of different varieties. This can be determined usingvarious analytical techniques such as NIR and Kjeldahl.

Resistance to lodging. This measures the ability of a variety to standup in the field under high yield conditions and severe environmentalfactors. A variety can have good (remains upright), fair, or poor (fallsover) resistance to lodging. The degree of resistance to lodging is notexpressed under all conditions but is most meaningful when there is somedegree of lodging in a field trial.

Seed coat color. The color of the seed coat can be variety specific andcan range from black through brown through yellow. Color can also bemixed for some varieties.

Seed coat mucilage. This is useful for differentiating between the twospecies of canola with B. rapa varieties having mucilage present intheir seed coats whereas B. napus varieties do not have this present. Itis detected by imbibing seeds with water and monitoring the mucilagethat is exuded by the seed.

Seedling growth habit. The rosette consists of the first 2-8 true leavesand a variety can be characterized as having a strong rosette (closelypacked leaves) or a weak rosette (loosely arranged leaves).

Single Gene Converted (Conversion). Single gene converted (conversion)plant refers to plants which are developed by a plant breeding techniquecalled backcrossing, or via genetic engineering, wherein essentially allof the desired morphological and physiological characteristics of avariety are recovered in addition to the single gene transferred intothe variety via the backcrossing technique or via genetic engineering.

Stabilized. Reproducibly passed from one generation to the nextgeneration of inbred plants of same variety.

Stem intensity of anthocyanin coloration. The stems and other organs ofcanola plants can have varying degrees of purple coloration which is dueto the presence of anthocyanin (purple) pigments. The degree ofcoloration is somewhat subject to growing conditions, but varietiestypically show varying degrees of coloration ranging from: absent (nopurple)/very weak to very strong (deep purple coloration).

Total Saturated (TOTSAT). Total percent oil of the seed of the saturatedfats in the oil including C12:0, C14:0, C16:0, C18:0, C20:0, C22:0 andC24.0.

Mean Yield. Mean yield of all canola entries grown at a given location.

Yield. Greater than 10% above the mean yield across 10 or morelocations.

Check Average. Average for one or more checks in a given location.

CL31613 was developed from the cross of Nex 828 CL (DN011515) andDN009565 through traditional plant breeding and the dihaploidmethodology. G31064 was developed from the cross of NQC03X21(DN009818//DN996738) and PR6121 through traditional plant breeding andthe dihaploid methodology. DN040244A was developed from the cross ofFu58Drakkar and DN040244[4]=B=69=14=17 through traditional plantbreeding and the dihaploid methodology. DN040845A was developed from thecross of Fu58Drakkar and DN040845[4]=B=49=198=390 through traditionalplant breeding and the dihaploid methodology. G030994 was developed fromthe cross of NQC03X21 (DN009818//DN996738) and PR6121 throughtraditional plant breeding and the dihaploid methodology. Canolacultivars CL31613, G31064, DN040244A, DN040845A, and G030994 arerepresentative high oleic, low linolenic acid canola cultivars that areresistant to blackleg, possessed CLEARFIELD® herbicide trait, Natreonoil profile, high protein, low glucosinolates, Fusarium wilt and WhiteRust tolerance. Additionally, these cultivars have genes conferringtolerance to one or more herbicides including, but not limited to:imidazolinone, sulfonylurea, glyphosate, glufosinate,L-phosphinothricin, triazine, CLEARFIELD®, Dicamaba, 2,4-D, pyridyloxyauxin, fenoxaprop-p-ethyl (“fop”), cyclohexanedione (“dim”) andbenzonitrile, and related herbicide families and/or groups of anythereof. In particular embodiments, herbicide resistance in thesecultivars are Round-up Ready™ glyphosate resistance resulting from theintrogression of MON event GT-73.

Canola cultivars CL31613, G31064, DN040244A, DN040845A, and G030994 arestable and uniform after three generations following dihaploidproduction and chromosome doubling and no off-type plants have beenexhibited in evaluation. In a particular embodiment, imidazolinone(CLEARFIELD®) tolerant Omega-9 quality inbreds were created byintrogressing the PM1 and PM2 genes into an elite Omega-9 inbred. EliteOmega-9, imidazolinone tolerant line DN011520 (commercialized as Nex 822CL) was used in a cross with an Omega-9 inbred, DN009818. F1 seed wasutilized to produce doubled haploid (DH) lines and through mediaselection (containing imazamox) for imidazolinone tolerance and markerassisted selection for the PM1 gene and Omega-9 trait, a population ofstable Omega-9 DH lines that exhibit tolerance to imidazolinone familyof herbicides was produced. Canola cultivars CL31613, G31064, DN040244A,DN040845A, and G030994 were DH plants derived from the cross between:DN011520/DN009818. These cultivars exhibit Fusarium wilt resistance andhave been tested in multi location trials.

CL31613, G31064, DN040244A, DN040845A, and G030994 are representativenovel canola cultivars that exhibit high oleic acid, low linolenic acid,with low total saturates, which yield similar or superior to WCC/RRCchecks (46A65 and Q2) and that are resistant to blackleg, possessedClearfield herbicide trait, Natreon oil profile, high protein, lowglucosinolates, Fusarium wilt and White Rust tolerance. Additionally,these novel canola cultivars can have genes conferring tolerance to oneor more herbicides including, but not limited to: imidazolinone,sulfonylurea, glyphosate, glufosinate, L-phosphinothricin, triazine,Clearfield, Dicamaba, 2,4-D, pyridyloxy auxin, fenoxaprop-p-ethyl(“fop”), cyclohexanedione (“dim”) and benzonitrile, and relatedherbicide families and/or groups of any thereof. In particularembodiments, herbicide resistances in the novel canola cultivars areRound-up Ready™ glyphosate resistance resulting from the introgressionof MON event GT-73.

Some of the criteria used to select in various generations include: seedyield, lodging resistance, emergence, disease tolerance, maturity, lateseason plant intactness, plant height and shattering resistance.

The cultivar has shown uniformity and stability, as described in thefollowing variety description information. It has been self-pollinated asufficient number of generations with careful attention to uniformity ofplant type. The cultivar has been increased with continued observationfor uniformity.

This invention is also directed to methods for producing a canola plantby crossing a first parent canola plant with a second parent canolaplant, wherein the first or second canola plant is the canola plant fromthe novel canola cultivar of the present invention. Further, both firstand second parent canola plants may be from the novel canola cultivarsof the present invention. Therefore, any methods using the novel canolacultivar(s) are part of this invention: selfing, backcrosses, hybridbreeding, and crosses to populations. Any plants produced using thenovel canola cultivar as parents are within the scope of this invention.

Useful methods include, but are not limited to, expression vectorsintroduced into plant tissues using a direct gene transfer method suchas microprojectile-mediated delivery, DNA injection, electroporation andthe like. More preferably expression vectors are introduced into planttissues using the microprojectile media delivery with the biolisticdevice Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Transformant plantsobtained with the protoplasm of the invention are intended to be withinthe scope of this invention.

With the advent of molecular biological techniques that have allowed theisolation and characterization of genes that encode specific proteinproducts, scientists in the field of plant biology developed a stronginterest in engineering the genome of plants to contain and expressforeign genes, or additional, or modified versions of native, orendogenous, genes (perhaps driven by different promoters) in order toalter the traits of a plant in a specific manner. Such foreignadditional and/or modified genes are referred to herein collectively as“transgenes.” Over the last fifteen to twenty years several methods forproducing transgenic plants have been developed, and the presentinvention, in particular embodiments, also relates to transformedversions of the claimed variety or cultivar.

Plant transformation involves the construction of an expression vectorwhich will function in plant cells. Such a vector comprises DNAcomprising a gene under control of or operatively linked to a regulatoryelement (for example, a promoter). The expression vector may contain oneor more such operably linked gene/regulatory element combinations. Thevector(s) may be in the form of a plasmid, and can be used alone or incombination with other plasmids, to provide transformed canola plants,using transformation methods as described below to incorporatetransgenes into the genetic material of the canola plant(s).

Expression Vectors for Canola Transformation: Marker Genes

Expression vectors include at least one genetic marker, operably linkedto a regulatory element (a promoter, for example) that allowstransformed cells containing the marker to be either recovered bynegative selection, i.e., inhibiting growth of cells that do not containthe selectable marker gene, or by positive selection, i.e., screeningfor the product encoded by the genetic marker. Many commonly usedselectable marker genes for plant transformation are well known in thetransformation arts, and include, for example, genes that code forenzymes that metabolically detoxify a selective chemical agent which maybe an antibiotic or an herbicide, or genes that encode an altered targetwhich is insensitive to the inhibitor. A few positive selection methodsare also known in the art.

One commonly used selectable marker gene for plant transformation is theneomycin phosphotransferase II (nptII) gene under the control of plantregulatory signals which confers resistance to kanamycin. Fraley et al.,Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 80:4803 (1983). Another commonly usedselectable marker gene is the hygromycin phosphotransferase gene whichconfers resistance to the antibiotic hygromycin. Vanden Elzen et al.,Plant Mol. Biol., 5:299 (1985).

Additional selectable marker genes of bacterial origin that conferresistance to antibiotics include gentamycin acetyl transferase,streptomycin phosphotransferase, aminoglycoside-3′-adenyl transferaseand the bleomycin resistance determinant. Hayford et al., Plant Physiol.86:1216 (1988), Jones et al., Mol. Gen. Genet., 210:86 (1987), Svab etal., Plant Mol. Biol. 14:197 (1990), Hille et al., Plant Mol. Biol.7:171 (1986). Other selectable marker genes confer resistance toherbicides such as glyphosate, glufosinate or bromoxynil. Comai et al.,Nature 317:741-744 (1985), Gordon-Kamm et al., Plant Cell 2:603-618(1990) and Stalker et al., Science 242:419-423 (1988).

Other selectable marker genes for plant transformation are not ofbacterial origin. These genes include, for example, mouse dihydrofolatereductase, plant 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase and plantacetolactate synthase. Eichholtz et al., Somatic Cell Mol. Genet. 13:67(1987), Shah et al., Science 233:478 (1986), Charest et al., Plant CellRep. 8:643 (1990).

Another class of marker genes for plant transformation requiresscreening of presumptively transformed plant cells rather than directgenetic selection of transformed cells for resistance to a toxicsubstance, such as an antibiotic. These genes are particularly useful toquantify or visualize the spatial pattern of expression of a gene inspecific tissues and are frequently referred to as reporter genesbecause they can be fused to a gene or gene regulatory sequence for theinvestigation of gene expression. Commonly used genes for screeningpresumptively transformed cells include β-glucuronidase (GUS),β-galactosidase, luciferase, and chloramphenicol acetyltransferase.Jefferson, R. A., Plant Mol. Biol. Rep. 5:387 (1987), Teeri et al., EMBOJ. 8:343 (1989), Koncz et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci U.S.A. 84:131(1987), DeBlock et al., EMBO J. 3:1681 (1984).

Recently, in vivo methods for visualizing GUS activity that do notrequire destruction of plant tissue have been made available. MolecularProbes publication 2908, Imagene Green™, p. 1-4(1993) and Naleway etal., J. Cell Biol. 115:151a (1991). However, these in vivo methods forvisualizing GUS activity have not proven useful for recovery oftransformed cells because of low sensitivity, high fluorescentbackgrounds and limitations associated with the use of luciferase genesas selectable markers.

More recently, a gene encoding Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) has beenutilized as a marker for gene expression in prokaryotic and eukaryoticcells. Chalfie et al., Science 263:802 (1994). GFP and mutants of GFPmay be used as screenable markers.

Expression Vectors for Canola Transformation: Promoters

Genes included in expression vectors must be driven by a nucleotidesequence comprising a regulatory element, for example, a promoter.Several types of promoters are now well known in the transformationarts, as are other regulatory elements that can be used alone or incombination with promoters.

As used herein, “promoter” includes reference to a region of DNAupstream from the start of transcription and involved in recognition andbinding of RNA polymerase and other proteins to initiate transcription.A “plant promoter” is a promoter capable of initiating transcription inplant cells. Examples of promoters under developmental control includepromoters that preferentially initiate transcription in certain tissues,such as leaves, roots, seeds, fibers, xylem vessels, tracheids, orsclerenchyma. Such promoters are referred to as “tissue-preferred.”Promoters which initiate transcription only in certain tissues arereferred to as “tissue-specific.” A “cell type” specific promoterprimarily drives expression in certain cell types in one or more organs,for example, vascular cells in roots or leaves. An “inducible” promoteris a promoter which is under environmental control. Examples ofenvironmental conditions that may effect transcription by induciblepromoters include anaerobic conditions or the presence of light.Tissue-specific, tissue-preferred, cell type specific, and induciblepromoters constitute the class of “non-constitutive” promoters. A“constitutive” promoter is a promoter which is active under mostenvironmental conditions.

A. Inducible Promoters

An inducible promoter is operably linked to a gene for expression incanola. Optionally, the inducible promoter is operably linked to anucleotide sequence encoding a signal sequence which is operably linkedto a gene for expression in canola. With an inducible promoter, the rateof transcription increases in response to an inducing agent.

Any inducible promoter can be used in the instant invention. See Ward etal., Plant Mol. Biol. 22:361-366 (1993). Exemplary inducible promotersinclude, but are not limited to, that from the ACEI system whichresponds to copper (Mett et al., PNAS 90:4567-4571 (1993)); In2 genefrom maize which responds to benzenesulfonamide herbicide safeners(Hershey et al., Mol. Gen Genetics 227:229-237 (1991) and Gatz et al.,Mol. Gen. Genetics 243:32-38 (1994)) or Tet repressor from Tn10 (Gatz etal., Mol. Gen. Genetics 227:229-237 (1991)). A particularly preferredinducible promoter is a promoter that responds to an inducing agent towhich plants do not normally respond. An exemplary inducible promoter isthe inducible promoter from a steroid hormone gene, the transcriptionalactivity of which is induced by a glucocorticosteroid hormone. Schena etal., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 88:0421 (1991).

B. Constitutive Promoters

A constitutive promoter is operably linked to a gene for expression incanola or the constitutive promoter is operably linked to a nucleotidesequence encoding a signal sequence which is operably linked to a genefor expression in canola.

Many different constitutive promoters can be utilized in the instantinvention. Exemplary constitutive promoters include, but are not limitedto, the promoters from plant viruses such as the 35S promoter from CaMV(Odell et al., Nature 313:810-812 (1985)) and the promoters from suchgenes as rice actin (McElroy et al., Plant Cell 2:163-171 (1990));ubiquitin (Christensen et al., Plant Mol. Biol. 12:619-632 (1989) andChristensen et al., Plant Mol. Biol. 18:675-689 (1992)); pEMU (Last etal., Theor. Appl. Genet. 81:581-588 (1991)); MAS (Velten et al., EMBO J.3:2723-2730 (1984)) and maize H3 histone (Lepetit et al., Mol. Gen.Genetics 231:276-285 (1992) and Atanassova et al., Plant Journal 2 (3):291-300 (1992)). The ALS promoter, Xba1/NcoI fragment 5′ to the Brassicanapus ALS3 structural gene (or a nucleotide sequence similarity to saidXba1/NcoI fragment), represents a particularly useful constitutivepromoter. See PCT application WO 96/30530.

C. Tissue-Specific or Tissue-Preferred Promoters

A tissue-specific promoter is operably linked to a gene for expressionin canola. Optionally, the tissue-specific promoter is operably linkedto a nucleotide sequence encoding a signal sequence which is operablylinked to a gene for expression in canola. Plants transformed with agene of interest operably linked to a tissue-specific promoter producethe protein product of the transgene exclusively, or preferentially, ina specific tissue.

Any tissue-specific or tissue-preferred promoter can be utilized in theinstant invention. Exemplary tissue-specific or tissue-preferredpromoters include, but are not limited to, a root-preferredpromoter—such as that from the phaseolin gene (Murai et al., Science23:476-482 (1983) and Sengupta-Gopalan et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.U.S.A. 82:3320-3324 (1985)); a leaf-specific and light-induced promotersuch as that from cab or rubisco (Simpson et al., EMBO J.4(11):2723-2729 (1985) and Timko et al., Nature 318:579-582 (1985)); ananther-specific promoter such as that from LAT52 (Twell et al., Mol.Gen. Genetics 217:240-245 (1989)); a pollen-specific promoter such asthat from Zm13 (Guerrero et al., Mol. Gen. Genetics 244:161-168 (1993))or a microspore-preferred promoter such as that from apg (Twell et al.,Sex. Plant Reprod. 6:217-224 (1993)).

Transport of protein produced by transgenes to a subcellular compartmentsuch as the chloroplast, vacuole, peroxisome, glyoxysome, cell wall ormitochondrion or for secretion into the apoplast, is accomplished bymeans of operably linking the nucleotide sequence encoding a signalsequence to the 5′ and/or 3′ region of a gene encoding the protein ofinterest. Targeting sequences at the 5′ and/or 3′ end of the structuralgene may determine, during protein synthesis and processing, where theencoded protein is ultimately compartmentalized.

The presence of a signal sequence directs a polypeptide to either anintracellular organelle or subcellular compartment, or for secretion tothe apoplast. Many signal sequences are known in the art. See, forexample Becker et al., Plant Mol. Biol. 20:49 (1992), Close, P. S.,Master's Thesis, Iowa State University (1993), Knox, C., et al.,“Structure and Organization of Two Divergent Alpha-Amylase Genes fromBarley,” Plant Mol. Biol. 9:3-17 (1987), Lerner et al., Plant Physiol.91:124-129 (1989), Fontes et al., Plant Cell 3:483-496 (1991), Matsuokaet al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 88:834 (1991), Gould et al., J. Cell.Biol. 108:1657 (1989), Creissen et al., Plant J. 2:129 (1991), Kalderon,et al., A short amino acid sequence able to specify nuclear location,Cell 39:499-509 (1984), Steifel, et al., Expression of a maize cell wallhydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein gene in early leaf and root vasculardifferentiation, Plant Cell 2:785-793 (1990).

Foreign Protein Genes and Agronomic Genes

With transgenic plants according to the present invention, a foreignprotein can be produced in commercial quantities. Thus, techniques forthe selection and propagation of transformed plants, which are wellunderstood in the art, yield a plurality of transgenic plants which areharvested in a conventional manner, and a foreign protein then can beextracted from a tissue of interest or from total biomass. Proteinextraction from plant biomass can be accomplished by known methods whichare discussed, for example, by Heney and Orr, Anal. Biochem. 114:92-6(1981).

According to a preferred embodiment, the transgenic plant provided forcommercial production of foreign protein is a canola plant. In anotherpreferred embodiment, the biomass of interest is seed. For therelatively small number of transgenic plants that show higher levels ofexpression, a genetic map can be generated, primarily via conventionalRFLP, PCR and SSR analysis, which identifies the approximate chromosomallocation of the integrated DNA molecule. For exemplary methodologies inthis regard, see Glick and Thompson, Methods in Plant Molecular Biologyand Biotechnology CRC Press, Boca Raton 269:284 (1993). Map informationconcerning chromosomal location is useful for proprietary protection ofa subject transgenic plant. If unauthorized propagation is undertakenand crosses made with other germplasm, the map of the integration regioncan be compared to similar maps for suspect plants, to determine if thelatter have a common parentage with the subject plant. Map comparisonswould involve hybridizations, RFLP, PCR, SSR and sequencing, all ofwhich are conventional techniques.

Likewise, by means of the present invention, agronomic genes can beexpressed in transformed plants. More particularly, plants can begenetically engineered to express various phenotypes of agronomicinterest. Exemplary genes implicated in this regard include, but are notlimited to, those categorized below:

1. Genes that Confer Resistance to Pests or Disease and that Encode:

A. Plant disease resistance genes. Plant defenses are often activated byspecific interaction between the product of a disease resistance gene(R) in the plant and the product of a corresponding avirulence (Avr)gene in the pathogen. A plant variety can be transformed with clonedresistance genes to engineer plants that are resistant to specificpathogen strains. See, for example Jones et al., Science 266:789 (1994)(cloning of the tomato Cf-9 gene for resistance to Cladosporium fulvum);Martin et al., Science 262:1432 (1993) (tomato Pto gene for resistanceto Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato encodes a protein kinase); Mindrinoset al., Cell 78:1089 (1994) (Arabidopsis RSP2 gene for resistance toPseudomonas syringae).

B. A gene conferring resistance to a pest, such as soybean cystnematode. See e.g., PCT Application WO 96/30517; PCT Application WO93/19181.

C. A Bacillus thuringiensis protein, a derivative thereof or a syntheticpolypeptide modeled thereon. See, for example, Geiser et al., Gene48:109 (1986), who disclose the cloning and nucleotide sequence of a Btδ-endotoxin gene. Moreover, DNA molecules encoding δ-endotoxin genes canbe purchased from American Type Culture Collection, Manassas, Va., forexample, under ATCC Accession Nos. 40098, 67136, 31995 and 31998.

D. A lectin. See, for example, the disclosure by Van Damme et al., PlantMolec. Biol. 24:25 (1994), who disclose the nucleotide sequences ofseveral Clivia miniata mannose-binding lectin genes.

E. A vitamin-binding protein such as avidin. See PCT applicationU593/06487. The application teaches the use of avidin and avidinhomologues as larvicides against insect pests.

F. An enzyme inhibitor, for example, a protease or proteinase inhibitoror an amylase inhibitor. See, for example, Abe et al., J. Biol. Chem.262:16793 (1987) (nucleotide sequence of rice cysteine proteinaseinhibitor), Huub et al., Plant Molec. Biol. 21:985 (1993) (nucleotidesequence of cDNA encoding tobacco proteinase inhibitor I), Sumitani etal., Biosci. Biotech. Biochem. 57:1243 (1993) (nucleotide sequence ofStreptomyces nitrosporeus α-amylase inhibitor) and U.S. Pat. No.5,494,813 (Hepher and Atkinson, issued Feb. 27, 1996).

G. An insect-specific hormone or pheromone such as an ecdysteroid orjuvenile hormone, a variant thereof, a mimetic based thereon, or anantagonist or agonist thereof. See, for example, the disclosure byHammock et al., Nature 344:458 (1990), of baculovirus expression ofcloned juvenile hormone esterase, an inactivator of juvenile hormone.

H. An insect-specific peptide or neuropeptide which, upon expression,disrupts the physiology of the affected pest. For example, see thedisclosures of Regan, J. Biol. Chem. 269:9 (1994) (expression cloningyields DNA coding for insect diuretic hormone receptor), and Pratt etal., Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 163:1243 (1989) (an allostatin isidentified in Diploptera puntata). See also U.S. Pat. No. 5,266,317 toTomalski et al., who disclose genes encoding insect-specific, paralyticneurotoxins.

I. An insect-specific venom produced in nature by a snake, a wasp, etc.For example, see Pang et al., Gene 116:165 (1992), for disclosure ofheterologous expression in plants of a gene coding for a scorpioninsectotoxic peptide.

J. An enzyme responsible for a hyperaccumulation of a monoterpene, asesquiterpene, a steroid, hydroxamic acid, a phenylpropanoid derivativeor another non-protein molecule with insecticidal activity.

K. An enzyme involved in the modification, including thepost-translational modification, of a biologically active molecule; forexample, a glycolytic enzyme, a proteolytic enzyme, a lipolytic enzyme,a nuclease, a cyclase, a transaminase, an esterase, a hydrolase, aphosphatase, a kinase, a phosphorylase, a polymerase, an elastase, achitinase and a glucanase, whether natural or synthetic. See PCTapplication WO 93/02197 in the name of Scott et al., which discloses thenucleotide sequence of a callase gene. DNA molecules which containchitinase-encoding sequences can be obtained, for example, from the ATCCunder Accession Nos. 39637 and 67152. See also Kramer et al., InsectBiochem. Molec. Biol. 23:691 (1993), who teach the nucleotide sequenceof a cDNA encoding tobacco hornworm chitinase, and Kawalleck et al.,Plant Molec. Biol. 21:673 (1993), who provide the nucleotide sequence ofthe parsley ubi4-2 polyubiquitin gene.

L. A molecule that stimulates signal transduction. For example, see thedisclosure by Botella et al., Plant Molec. Biol. 24:757 (1994), ofnucleotide sequences for mung bean calmodulin cDNA clones, and Griess etal., Plant Physiol. 104:1467 (1994), who provide the nucleotide sequenceof a maize calmodulin cDNA clone.

M. A hydrophobic moment peptide. See PCT application WO 95/16776(disclosure of peptide derivatives of Tachyplesin which inhibit fungalplant pathogens) and PCT application WO 95/18855 (teaches syntheticantimicrobial peptides that confer disease resistance).

N. A membrane pennease, a channel former or a channel blocker. Forexample, see the disclosure of Jaynes et al., Plant Sci 89:43 (1993), ofheterologous expression of a cecropin-β lytic peptide analog to rendertransgenic tobacco plants resistant to Pseudomonas solanacearum.

O. A viral-invasive protein or a complex toxin derived therefrom. Forexample, the accumulation of viral coat proteins in transformed plantcells imparts resistance to viral infection and/or disease developmenteffected by the virus from which the coat protein gene is derived, aswell as by related viruses. See Beachy et al., Ann. rev. Phytopathol.28:451 (1990). Coat protein-mediated resistance has been conferred upontransformed plants against alfalfa mosaic virus, cucumber mosaic virus,tobacco streak virus, potato virus X, potato virus Y, tobacco etchvirus, tobacco rattle virus and tobacco mosaic virus. Id.

P. An insect-specific antibody or an immunotoxin derived therefrom.Thus, an antibody targeted to a critical metabolic function in theinsect gut would inactivate an affected enzyme, killing the insect. Cf.Taylor et al., Abstract #497, Seventh Int'l Symposium on MolecularPlant-Microbe Interactions (Edinburgh, Scotland) (1994) (enzymaticinactivation in transgenic tobacco via production of single-chainantibody fragments).

Q. A virus-specific antibody. See, for example, Tavladoraki et al.,Nature 366:469 (1993), who show that transgenic plants expressingrecombinant antibody genes are protected from virus attack.

R. A developmental-arrestive protein produced in nature by a pathogen ora parasite. Thus, fungal endo α-1,4-D-polygalacturonases facilitatefungal colonization and plant nutrient release by solubilizing plantcell wall homo-α-1,4-D-galacturonase. See Lamb et al., Bio/Technology10:1436 (1992). The cloning and characterization of a gene which encodesa bean endopolygalacturonase-inhibiting protein is described by Toubartet al., Plant J. 2:367 (1992).

S. A developmental-arrestive protein produced in nature by a plant. Forexample, Logemann et al., Bio/Technology 10:305 (1992), have shown thattransgenic plants expressing the barley ribosome-inactivating gene havean increased resistance to fungal disease.

2. Genes that Confer Resistance to an Herbicide:

A. An herbicide that inhibits the growing point or meristem, such as animidazolinone or a sulfonylurea. Exemplary genes in this category codefor mutant ALS and AHAS enzyme as described, for example, by Lee et al.,EMBO J. 7:1241 (1988), and Miki et al., Theor. Appl. Genet. 80:449(1990), respectively.

B. Glyphosate (resistance conferred by, e.g., mutant5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPs) genes (via theintroduction of recombinant nucleic acids and/or various forms of invivo mutagenesis of native EPSPs genes), aroA genes and glyphosateacetyl transferase (GAT) genes, respectively), other phosphono compoundssuch as glufosinate (phosphinothricin acetyl transferase (PAT) genesfrom Streptomyces species, including Streptomyces hygroscopicus andStreptomyces viridichromogenes), and pyridinoxy or phenoxy proprionicacids and cyclohexones (ACCase inhibitor-encoding genes), See, forexample, U.S. Pat. No. 4,940,835 to Shah, et al. and U.S. Pat. No.6,248,876 to Barry et al., which disclose nucleotide sequences of formsof EPSPs which can confer glyphosate resistance to a plant. A DNAmolecule encoding a mutant aroA gene can be obtained under ATCCaccession number 39256, and the nucleotide sequence of the mutant geneis disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,769,061 to Comai. European patentapplication No. 0 333 033 to Kumada et al., and U.S. Pat. No. 4,975,374to Goodman et al., disclose nucleotide sequences of glutamine synthetasegenes which confer resistance to herbicides such as L-phosphinothricin.The nucleotide sequence of a PAT gene is provided in Europeanapplication No. 0 242 246 to Leemans et al., DeGreef et al.,Bio/Technology 7:61 (1989), describe the production of transgenic plantsthat express chimeric bar genes coding for PAT activity. Exemplary ofgenes conferring resistance to phenoxy proprionic acids andcyclohexones, such as sethoxydim and haloxyfop are the Acc1-S1, Acc1-S2and Acc1-S3 genes described by Marshall et al., Theor. Appl. Genet.83:435 (1992). GAT genes capable of conferring glyphosate resistance aredescribed in WO 2005012515 to Castle et al. Genes conferring resistanceto 2,4-D, fop and pyridyloxy auxin herbicides are described in WO2005107437 and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/587,893, bothassigned to Dow AgroSciences LLC.

C. An herbicide that inhibits photosynthesis, such as a triazine (psbAand gs+ genes) or a benzonitrile (nitrilase gene). Przibila et al.,Plant Cell 3:169 (1991), describe the transformation of Chlamydomonaswith plasmids encoding mutant psbA genes. Nucleotide sequences fornitrilase genes are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,810,648 to Stalker, andDNA molecules containing these genes are available under ATCC AccessionNos. 53435, 67441, and 67442. Cloning and expression of DNA coding for aglutathione S-transferase is described by Hayes et al., Biochem. J.285:173 (1992).

3. Genes that Confer or Contribute to a Value-Added Trait, Such as:

A. Modified fatty acid metabolism, for example, by transforming a plantwith an antisense gene of stearyl-ACP desaturase to increase stearicacid content of the plant. See Knultzon et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.U.S.A. 89:2624 (1992).

B. Decreased phytate content—1) Introduction of a phytase-encoding genewould enhance breakdown of phytate, adding more free phosphate to thetransformed plant. For example, see Van Hartingsveldt et al., Gene127:87 (1993), for a disclosure of the nucleotide sequence of anAspergillus niger phytase gene. 2) A gene could be introduced thatreduced phytate content. In maize for example, this could beaccomplished by cloning and then reintroducing DNA associated with thesingle allele which is responsible for maize mutants characterized bylow levels of phytic acid. See Raboy et al., Maydica 35:383 (1990).

C. Modified carbohydrate composition effected, for example, bytransforming plants with a gene coding for an enzyme that alters thebranching pattern of starch. See Shiroza et al., J. Bacteol. 170:810(1988) (nucleotide sequence of Streptococcus mutantsfructosyltransferase gene), Steinmetz et al., Mol. Gen. Genet. 20:220(1985) (nucleotide sequence of Bacillus subtilis levansucrase gene), Penet al., Bio/Technology 10:292 (1992) (production of transgenic plantsthat express Bacillus licheniformis α-amylase), Elliot et al., PlantMolec. Biol. 21:515 (1993) (nucleotide sequences of tomato invertasegenes), Sogaard et al., J. Biol. Chem. 268:22480 (1993) (site-directedmutagenesis of barley α-amylase gene), and Fisher et al., Plant Physiol.102:1045 (1993) (maize endosperm starch branching enzyme II).

Methods for Canola Transformation

Numerous methods for plant transformation have been developed includingbiological and physical plant transformation protocols. See, forexample, Miki et al., “Procedures for Introducing Foreign DNA intoPlants” in Methods in Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, GlickB. R. and Thompson, J. E. Eds. (CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, 1993) pages67-88. In addition, expression vectors and in vitro culture methods forplant cell or tissue transformation and regeneration of plants areavailable. See, for example, Gruber et al., “Vectors for PlantTransformation” in Methods in Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology,Glick B. R. and Thompson, J. E. Eds. (CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, 1993)pages 89-119.

A. Agrobacterium-mediated Transformation—One method for introducing anexpression vector into plants is based on the natural transformationsystem of Agrobacterium. See, for example, Horsch et al., Science227:1229 (1985). A. tumefaciens and A. rhizogenes are plant pathogenicsoil bacteria which genetically transform plant cells. The Ti and Riplasmids of A. tumefaciens and A. rhizogenes, respectively, carry genesresponsible for genetic transformation of the plant. See, for example,Kado, C. I., Crit. Rev. Plant Sci. 10:1 (1991). Descriptions ofAgrobacterium vector systems and methods for Agrobacterium-mediated genetransfer are provided by Gruber et al., supra, Miki et al., supra, andMoloney et al., Plant Cell Reports 8:238 (1989). See also, U.S. Pat. No.5,563,055 (Townsend and Thomas), issued Oct. 8, 1996.

B. Direct Gene Transfer—Several methods of plant transformation,collectively referred to as direct gene transfer, have been developed asan alternative to Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. A generallyapplicable method of plant transformation is microprojectile-mediatedtransformation wherein DNA is carried on the surface of microprojectilesmeasuring 1 to 4 μm. The expression vector is introduced into planttissues with a biolistic device that accelerates the microprojectiles tospeeds of 300 to 600 m/s which is sufficient to penetrate plant cellwalls and membranes. Sanford et al., Part. Sci. Technol. 5:27 (1987),Sanford, J. C., Trends Biotech. 6:299 (1988), Klein et al.,Bio/Technology 6:559-563 (1988), Sanford, J. C., Physiol Plant 7:206(1990), Klein et al., Biotechnology 10:268 (1992). See also U.S. Pat.No. 5,015,580 (Christou, et al.), issued May 14, 1991; U.S. Pat. No.5,322,783 (Tomes, et al.), issued Jun. 21, 1994.

Another method for physical delivery of DNA to plants is sonication oftarget cells. Zhang et al., Bio/Technology 9:996 (1991). Alternatively,liposome and spheroplast fusion have been used to introduce expressionvectors into plants. Deshayes et al., EMBO J, 4:2731 (1985), Christou etal., Proc Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 84:3962 (1987). Direct uptake of DNAinto protoplasts using CaCl₂ precipitation, polyvinyl alcohol orpoly-L-ornithine has also been reported. Hain et al., Mol. Gen. Genet.199:161 (1985) and Draper et al., Plant Cell Physiol. 23:451 (1982).Electroporation of protoplasts and whole cells and tissues have alsobeen described. Donn et al., In Abstracts of VIIth InternationalCongress on Plant Cell and Tissue Culture IAPTC, A2-38, p 53 (1990);D'Halluin et al., Plant Cell 4:1495-1505 (1992) and Spencer et al.,Plant Mol. Biol. 24:51-61 (1994).

Following transformation of canola target tissues, expression of theabove-described selectable marker genes allows for preferentialselection of transformed cells, tissues and/or plants, usingregeneration and selection methods now well known in the art.

The foregoing methods for transformation would typically be used forproducing a transgenic variety. The transgenic variety could then becrossed, with another (non-transformed or transformed) variety, in orderto produce a new transgenic variety. Alternatively, a genetic traitwhich has been engineered into a particular canola cultivar using theforegoing transformation techniques could be moved into another cultivarusing traditional backcrossing techniques that are well known in theplant breeding arts. For example, a backcrossing approach could be usedto move an engineered trait from a public, non-elite variety into anelite variety, or from a variety containing a foreign gene in its genomeinto a variety or varieties which do not contain that gene. As usedherein, “crossing” can refer to a simple X by Y cross, or the process ofbackcrossing, depending on the context.

Tissue Culture of Canolas

Further production of the novel canola cultivars can occur byself-pollination or by tissue culture and regeneration. Tissue cultureof various tissues of canola and regeneration of plants therefrom isknown. For example, the propagation of a canola cultivar by tissueculture is described in any of the following but not limited to any ofthe following: Chuong et al., “A Simple Culture Method for Brassicahypocotyls Protoplasts,” Plant Cell Reports 4:4-6 (1985); Barsby, T. L.,et al., “A Rapid and Efficient Alternative Procedure for theRegeneration of Plants from Hypocotyl Protoplasts of Brassica napus,”Plant Cell Reports, (Spring, 1996); Kartha, K., et al., “In vitro PlantFormation from Stem Explants of Rape,” Physiol. Plant, 31:217-220(1974); Narasimhulu, S., et al., “Species Specific Shoot RegenerationResponse of Cotyledonary Explants of Brassicas,” Plant Cell Reports,(Spring 1988); Swanson, E., “Microspore Culture in Brassica,” Methods inMolecular Biology, Vol. 6, Chapter 17, p. 159 (1990).

Further reproduction of the variety can occur by tissue culture andregeneration. Tissue culture of various tissues of soybeans andregeneration of plants therefrom is well known and widely published. Forexample, reference may be had to Komatsuda, T. et al., “Genotype XSucrose Interactions for Somatic Embryogenesis in Soybeans,” Crop Sci.31:333-337 (1991); Stephens, P. A., et al., “Agronomic Evaluation ofTissue-Culture-Derived Soybean Plants,” Theor. Appl. Genet (1991)82:633-635; Komatsuda, T. et al., “Maturation and Germination of SomaticEmbryos as Affected by Sucrose and Plant Growth Regulators in SoybeansGlycine gracilis Skvortz and Glycine max (L.) Merr.” Plant Cell, Tissueand Organ Culture, 28:103-113 (1992); Dhir, S. et al., “Regeneration ofFertile Plants from Protoplasts of Soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.);Genotypic Differences in Culture Response,” Plant Cell Reports (1992)11:285-289; Pandey, P. et al., “Plant Regeneration from Leaf andHypocotyl Explants of Glycine-wightii (W. and A.) VERDC. var.longicauda,” Japan J. Breed. 42:1-5 (1992); and Shetty, K., et al.,“Stimulation of In Vitro Shoot Organogenesis in Glycine max (Merrill.)by Allantoin and Amides,” Plant Science 81:245-251 (1992). Thedisclosures of U.S. Pat. No. 5,024,944 issued Jun. 18, 1991 to Collinset al., and U.S. Pat. No. 5,008,200 issued Apr. 16, 1991 to Ranch etal., are hereby incorporated herein in their entirety by reference.Thus, another aspect of this invention is to provide cells which upongrowth and differentiation produce canola plants having thephysiological and morphological characteristics of representative canolavarieties CL31613, G31064, DN040244A, DN040845A, and G030994.

As used herein, the term “tissue culture” indicates a compositioncomprising isolated cells of the same or a different type or acollection of such cells organized into parts of a plant. Exemplarytypes of tissue cultures are protoplasts, calli, plant clumps, and plantcells that can generate tissue culture that are intact in plants orparts of plants, such as embryos, pollen, flowers, seeds, pods, leaves,stems, roots, root tips, anthers, and the like. Means for preparing andmaintaining plant tissue culture are well known in the art. By way ofexample, a tissue culture comprising organs has been used to produceregenerated plants. U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,959,185, 5,973,234 and 5,977,445,describe certain techniques, the disclosures of which are incorporatedherein by reference.

Single-Gene Converted (Conversion) Plants

When the term “canola plant” is used in the context of the presentinvention, this also includes any single gene conversions of thatvariety. The term “single gene converted plant” as used herein refers tothose canola plants which are developed by a plant breeding techniquecalled backcrossing, or via genetic engineering, wherein essentially allof the desired morphological and physiological characteristics of avariety are recovered in addition to the single gene transferred intothe variety via the backcrossing technique. Backcrossing methods can beused with the present invention to improve or introduce a characteristicinto the variety. The term “backcrossing” as used herein refers to therepeated crossing of a hybrid progeny back to the recurrent parent,i.e., backcrossing 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or more times to the recurrentparent. The parental canola plant which contributes the gene for thedesired characteristic is termed the “nonrecurrent” or “donor parent.”This terminology refers to the fact that the nonrecurrent parent is usedone time in the backcross protocol and therefore does not recur. Theparental canola plant to which the gene or genes from the nonrecurrentparent are transferred is known as the recurrent parent as it is usedfor several rounds in the backcrossing protocol (Poehlman & Sleper,1994; Fehr, 1987). In a typical backcross protocol, the original varietyof interest (recurrent parent) is crossed to a second variety(nonrecurrent parent) that carries the single gene of interest to betransferred. The resulting progeny from this cross are then crossedagain to the recurrent parent and the process is repeated until a canolaplant is obtained wherein essentially all of the desired morphologicaland physiological characteristics of the recurrent parent are recoveredin the converted plant, in addition to the single transferred gene fromthe nonrecurrent parent.

The selection of a suitable recurrent parent is an important step for asuccessful backcrossing procedure. The goal of a backcross protocol isto alter or substitute a single trait or characteristic in the originalvariety. To accomplish this, a single gene of the recurrent variety ismodified or substituted with the desired gene from the nonrecurrentparent, while retaining essentially all of the rest of the desiredgenetic, and therefore the desired physiological and morphological,constitution of the original variety. The choice of the particularnonrecurrent parent will depend on the purpose of the backcross. One ofthe major purposes is to add some commercially desirable, agronomicallyimportant trait to the plant. The exact backcrossing protocol willdepend on the characteristic or trait being altered to determine anappropriate testing protocol. Although backcrossing methods aresimplified when the characteristic being transferred is a dominantallele, a recessive allele may also be transferred. In this instance itmay be necessary to introduce a test of the progeny to determine if thedesired characteristic has been successfully transferred.

Many single gene traits have been identified that are not regularlyselected for in the development of a new variety but that can beimproved by backcrossing techniques. Single gene traits may or may notbe transgenic, examples of these traits include but are not limited to,male sterility, waxy starch, herbicide resistance, resistance forbacterial, fungal, or viral disease, insect resistance, male fertility,enhanced nutritional quality, industrial usage, yield stability andyield enhancement. These genes are generally inherited through thenucleus. Several of these single gene traits are described in U.S. Pat.Nos. 5,959,185, 5,973,234 and 5,977,445, the disclosures of which arespecifically hereby incorporated by reference.

This invention also is directed to methods for producing a canola plantby crossing a first parent canola plant with a second parent canolaplant wherein the first or second parent canola plant is a canola plantof the novel canola cultivar. Further, both first and second parentcanola plants can come from, for example, representative canolavarieties CL31613, G31064, DN040244A, DN040845A, and G030994. Thus, anysuch methods using the novel canola cultivar are part of this invention:selfing, backcrosses, hybrid production, crosses to populations, and thelike. All plants produced using the novel canola cultivar as a parentare within the scope of this invention, including those developed fromvarieties derived from novel canola cultivar. Advantageously, the canolavariety could be used in crosses with other, different, canola plants toproduce first generation (F₁) canola hybrid seeds and plants withsuperior characteristics. The variety of the invention can also be usedfor transformation where exogenous genes are introduced and expressed bythe variety of the invention. Genetic variants created either throughtraditional breeding methods using the canola cultivar or throughtransformation of the canola cultivar by any of a number of protocolsknown to those of skill in the art are intended to be within the scopeof this invention.

The invention is also directed to Canola meal from seeds of an elitecanola variety. In a particular embodiment, the seeds comprise at least45% protein by weight. Canola meal of the present invention preferablyhas low fiber content, higher protein, and lower glucosinolate levelscompared to presently used canola meal.

Oxidative Stability

Stability can be defined as the resistance of a vegetable oil tooxidation and to the resulting deterioration due to the generation ofproducts causing rancidity and decreasing food quality. Tests foroxidative stability attempt to accelerate the normal oxidation processto yield results that can be translated into quality parameters fordifferent food ails and to predict their shelf lives. Stability methodsare also useful to evaluate antioxidants and their effects on protectionof foods against lipid oxidation.

Lipid oxidation in food products develops slowly initially, and thenaccelerates at later stages during storage. The induction period isdefined as the time to reach a constant percent oxidation of the fat asrelated to the end of shelf life. The induction period is measuredeither as the time required for a sudden change in rate of oxidation orby estimating the intersection point between the initial and the finalrates of oxidation. For vegetable oils containing linoleic and linolenicacid, such as soybean and canola oils, the end-points for acceptabilitywill occur at relatively low levels of oxidation (peroxide valuesbetween 1 and 10 Meq/kg).

Factors Affecting Oxidative Stability

The difference in stability between different vegetable oils is due totheir different fatty acid profiles, the effect of processing, initiallevels of oxidation at the start of the storage period, and otherfactors including, minor components, including the presence of metalimpurities, formulation, packaging and environmental storage conditions.From the crude stage to different stages of processing of vegetableoils, some oxidation can take place that will affect the subsequentoxidative stability of the final oil product during storage.

Oxidative Stability Methods

To estimate the oxidative stability of a fat to oxidation, the sample issubjected to an accelerated oxidation test under standardized conditionsand a suitable end-point is chosen to determine the level of oxidativedeterioration. Methods involving elevated temperatures include:

1. Schaal Oven Test

The sample is heated at 50 to 60° C. until it reaches a suitableend-point based on peroxide value or carbonyl value such as theanisidine value. The results of this test correlate best with actualshelf life because the peroxide value end-point of 10 represents arelatively low degree of oxidation. See, limiting peroxide value insection D below.

2. Active Oxygen Method (AOM), Rancimat and Oxidation Stability Index(OSI). See, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 5,339,294 to Matlock et. al., AOCSMethod 12b-92, and Laubli, M. W. and Bruttel, P. A., JOACS 63:792-795(1986).

Air is bubbled through a sample of oil in special test tubes heated at98-100° C. and the progress of oxidation is followed by peroxide valuedetermination in the AOM test, and by conductivity measurements in theRancimat and OSI tests. The automated Rancimat and OSI tests may be runat temperatures ranging from 100-140° C., and the effluent gases are ledthrough a vessel containing deionized water and the increase inconductivity measured are due to the formation of volatile organic acids(mainly formic acid) by thermal oxidation. The OSI is defined as thetime point in hours of maximum change of the rate of oxidation based onconductivity.

D. Methods to Determine Oxidation

The peroxide value of oils is a measure of oxidation that is useful forsamples that are oxidized to relatively low levels (peroxide values ofless than 50), and under conditions sufficiently mild so that thehydroperoxides, which are the primary products formed by oxidation, arenot markedly decomposed. A limiting peroxide value of 10 meq/kg wasspecified for refined oils by FAQ/WHO standards (Joint FAQ/WHO FoodStandard Program Codex Alimentarius Commission, Report of 16th sessionof Committee on Fats and Oils, London, 1999).

The anisidine test measures high molecular weight saturated andunsaturated carbonyl compounds in oils. The test provides usefulinformation on non-volatile carbonyl compounds formed in oils duringprocessing of oils containing linolenate (soybean and rapeseed). TheTotox value (anisidine value+2 times peroxide value) is used as anempirical measure of the precursor non-volatile carbonyl compoundspresent in processed oils plus any further oxidation products developedafter storage.

TABLES

Table 1 shows the mean agronomic and quality data of CL31613 relative toindustry standard check varieties (Q2 and 46A65, and 5020) and check(Nex 828 CL and Nex 845 CL) varieties. Table 1 shows agronomic andquality traits of CL31613 relative to industry standard check varieties(Q2 and 46A65, and 5020) and check (Nex 828 CL) variety. In the table,column 1 shows the variety and column 2 shows the sample number. Column3 shows the yield in kilograms per hectare (Yield (kg/ha), column 4shows the yield percent over controls Q2 and 46A65 (Yield % OC), column5 shows early season vigor (ESV), column 6 shows the date to flower(DTF), and column 7 shows date to maturity (DTM). Column 8 shows height(HGT), and column 9 shows the lodging score (LDG) lodging score. Columns10 through 12 show percent of C18:1, C18:2, and C18:3. Column 13 showsthe percent total saturated fatty acids (% Sats). Column 14 shows thepercent Oil content (% Oil DM), column 15 shows the percent Meal Protein(% Protein), and column 16 shows the total glucosinolates (μmol/g seed)(Tot Gluc). Column 17 shows the chlorophyll content (Chlor).

Table 2 shows the mean agronomic and quality data of G31064 and G030994relative to industry standard check varieties (Q2 and 46A65, and 5020)and check (Nex 828 CL and Nex 845 CL) varieties. In Table 1, column 1shows the variety, column 2 shows the yield in kilograms per hectare(Yield (kg/ha), column 3 shows early season vigor (ESV), columns 4 and 5show the date to flower (DTF) and the date to maturity (DTM). Column 6shows the height (HGT). Column 7 shows the lodging score (LDG) lodgingscore based on a range of 1-5, with 1 being good (upright plants) and 5being poor (plant fallen over). Columns 8 through 11 show percent ofC18:1, C18:2, C18:3, and C22:1. Column 12 shows the percent totalsaturated fatty acids (% Sats). Column 13 shows the Oil content (% Oil),column 14 shows the Meal Protein (% Meal Protein), column 15 shows thetotal glucosinolates (μmol/g seed), and column 16 shows the chlorophyllcontent.

Table 3 shows the mean agronomic and quality data of CL31613 and G31064relative to industry standard check varieties (Q2 and 46A65, and 5020)and check (Nex 828 CL and Nex 845 CL) varieties. In Table 3, column 1shows the variety, column 2 shows the yield in kilograms per hectare(Yield (kg/ha), column 3 shows early season vigor (ESV), columns 4 and 5show the date to flower (DTF) and the date to maturity (DTM). Column 6shows the height (HGT). Column 7 shows the lodging score (LDG) lodgingscore based on a range of 1-5, with 1 being good (upright plants) and 5being poor (plant fallen over). Columns 8 through 11 show percent ofC18:1, C18:2, C18:3, and C22:1. Column 12 shows the percent totalsaturated fatty acids (% Sats). Column 13 shows the Oil content (% Oil),column 14 shows the Meal Protein (% Meal Protein), column 15 shows thetotal glucosinolates (μmol/g seed), and column 16 shows the chlorophyllcontent.

Table 4 shows the mean agronomic and quality data of G030994 relative toindustry standard check varieties (Q2 and 46A65, and 5020) and check(Nex 828 CL and Nex 845 CL) varieties. In Table 4, column 1 shows thevariety, column 2 shows the yield in kilograms per hectare (Yield(kg/ha), column 3 shows early season vigor (ESV), columns 4 and 5 showthe date to flower (DTF) and the date to maturity (DTM). Column 6 showsthe height (HGT). Column 7 shows the lodging score (LDG) lodging scorebased on a range of 1-5, with 1 being good (upright plants) and 5 beingpoor (plant fallen over). Columns 8 through 11 show percent of C18:1,C18:2, C18:3, and C22:1. Column 12 shows the percent total saturatedfatty acids (% Sats). Column 13 shows the Oil content (% Oil), column 14shows the Meal Protein (% Meal Protein), column 15 shows the totalglucosinolates (μmol/g seed), and column 16 shows the chlorophyllcontent.

Tables 5 and 6 show the mean agronomic and quality data of DN040244A andDN040845A relative to industry standard check varieties (Q2 and 46A65,and 5020) and check (Nex 828 CL, Nex 840 CL, and Nex 845 CL) varieties.In Table 1, column 1 shows the variety and column 2 shows the samplenumber. Column 3 shows the yield in kilograms per hectare (Yield(kg/ha), column 4 shows early season vigor (ESV), columns 5 and 6 showthe date to flower (DTF) and the date to maturity (DTM). Column 7 showsthe height (HGT). Column 8 shows the lodging score (LDG) lodging scorebased on a range of 1-5, with 1 being good (upright plants) and 5 beingpoor (plant fallen over).

In Table 6, column 1 shows the variety. Columns 2 and 3 show percent ofC18:1 and C18:3. Column 4 shows the percent total saturated fatty acids(% Sats). Column 5 shows the percent Oil content (% Oil DM), column 6shows the percent Protein (% Protein), and column 7 shows the totalglucosinolates (μmol/g seed) (Tot Gluc). Column 8 shows the chlorophyllcontent (Chlor).

DEPOSIT INFORMATION

A deposit of the Dow AgroSciences proprietary canola cultivars CL31613,G31064, DN040244A, DN040845A, and G030994, disclosed above and recitedin the appended claims has been made with the American Type CultureCollection (ATCC), 10801 University Boulevard, Manassas, Va. 20110. Thedate of deposit was Feb. 21, 2013; Apr. 16, 2013; Feb. 14, 2013respectively. The deposit of 2500 seeds were taken from the same depositmaintained by Dow AgroSciences since prior to the filing date of thisapplication. All restrictions upon the deposit have been removed, andthe deposit is intended to meet all of the requirements of 37 C.F.R.§§1.801-1.809. The respective ATCC accession numbers are PTA 13554(CL31613), PTA 120214 (G31064), PTA 120213 (DN040244A), PTA 120215(DN040845A), PTA 13531 (G030994). The deposit will be maintained in thedepository for a period of 30 years, or 5 years after the last request,or for the effective life of the patent, whichever is longer, and willbe replaced as necessary during that period.

While a number of exemplary aspects and embodiments have been discussedabove, those of skill in the art will recognize certain modifications,permutations, additions and sub-combinations thereof. It is thereforeintended that the following appended claims and claims hereafterintroduced are interpreted to include all such modifications,permutations, additions and sub-combinations as are within their truespirit and scope.

All references, including publications, patents, and patentapplications, cited herein are hereby incorporated by reference to thesame extent as if each reference were individually and specificallyindicated to be incorporated by reference and were set forth in itsentirety herein. The references discussed herein are provided solely fortheir disclosure prior to the filing date of the present application.Nothing herein is to be construed as an admission that the inventors arenot entitled to antedate such disclosure by virtue of prior invention.

TABLE 1 1C to 2B Advancement recommendations - 2007 replicated fieldtrial data [C1C05:CLF-3 at LSCAR: CARMAN . . . MSROS: RYT] TJK-EntryMeans Report Summary-RYT's 6 location summary Yield % Meal (Kg/Ha) % of% % Oil Protein Name Geno_Id Mn OC ESV DTF DTM HGT LDG C18:1 C18:2 C18:3Sats DM DM Tgluc Chlor 46A65 15440 2105.8 99.6 3 44 87 111 2.6 65.5 18.27.0 7.0 45.6 43.5 15.7 8.0 Q2 15439 2123.8 100.4 3 46 89 112 2.6 63.618.6 7.8 6.9 45.7 45.3 12.8 9.0 Nex 828 CL 15535 2061.8 97.5 3 49 92 1261.6 74.3 14.6 1.9 6.4 45.3 41.7 13.6 11.5 5020 20900 2566.9 121.4 2 4485 113 2.3 65.1 17.7 7.7 7.1 47.5 43.4 11.5 7.8 DN011515/ 31613 2227.9105.3 3 47 89 123 2.0 75.4 14.0 1.7 6.6 48.6 43.9 8.8 10.2 DN009565-B-DH40 Mean of OC 2114.8 100.0 3 45 88 112 2.6 64.6 18.4 7.4 6.9 45.744.4 14.2 8.5

TABLE 2 2007 preliminary yield trial C1C01 Agronomics from 4 locationsBrandon, Pike lake, Rosthern, Cudworth Key Fatty acids plus seed qualityattributes measured on 2 reps from each location Yield % Corr Yield Q2 &Pedigree, Inbred code, or Name Geno_Id Wt (Kg/Ha) 46A65 ESV DTF DTM HGTLDG C18:1 C18:2 C18:3 46A65 15440 1.97 2120 99 2.9 45 88 91 2.3 65.118.3 7.4 Q2 15439 1.99 2143 101 2.5 46 90 92 1.8 63.4 18.4 8.3 Nex 828CL 15535 1.99 2145 101 2.8 50 95 109 1.0 73.9 14.8 2.2 5020 20900 2.352535 119 1.5 44 86 86 2.0 64.1 18.2 8.0DN009818[1]//DN996738[1]/PR6121-7-DH7 30730 1.99 2141 100 2.7 48 96 1032.0 74.5 14.1 1.9 G30731 30731 1.98 2134 100 3.2 47 94 102 2.3 73.3 14.62.4 DN009818[1]//DN996738[1]/PR6121-8-DH14 30756 1.88 2024 95 2.7 47 9294 2.3 74.3 14.7 1.8 DN009818[1]//DN996738[1]/PR6121-8-DH18 30760 2.002153 101 3.1 49 95 106 1.8 73.8 14.8 2.1 G30789 30789 2.13 2298 108 2.747 93 94 2.5 74.4 14.6 1.7 DN009818[1]//DN996738[1]/PR6121-20-DH2 308111.73 1861 87 3.2 47 92 92 1.3 73.2 15.5 1.9 G2X0038 30852 1.86 2003 942.8 46 91 89 2.5 72.7 15.3 2.2 G30865 30865 1.90 2047 96 3.3 49 93 932.8 74.0 14.7 2.1 G30900 30900 2.17 2335 110 2.8 48 93 99 1.8 74.4 14.52.0 G30927 30927 2.16 2332 109 3.3 50 95 96 2.0 73.2 15.3 2.2 G3093030930 2.12 2279 107 3.0 49 93 95 1.8 73.6 14.9 2.0 G030937 30937 1.912057 96 2.8 47 90 84 2.3 74.6 14.3 1.8 G30961 30961 2.10 2263 106 3.0 4894 100 1.0 74.3 14.2 1.9 DN009818[1]//DN996738[1]/PR6121-69-DH1 309931.53 1647 77 3.3 45 89 85 2.3 74.7 14.2 1.9 G030994 30994 2.13 2295 1082.9 48 93 106 2.0 73.9 15.2 2.0 G30995 30995 2.18 2352 110 2.7 48 94 1012.3 73.4 15.3 2.0 G30996 30996 2.03 2185 102 2.5 48 95 100 2.3 74.0 14.62.1 G30998 30998 2.08 2243 105 2.8 48 95 99 2.5 73.8 15.0 2.0 G2X006231009 2.08 2240 105 2.6 47 91 93 2.3 73.7 15.0 2.1 G2X0063 31018 2.132295 108 3.2 46 93 88 1.8 73.2 14.9 2.4DN009818[1]//DN996738[1]/PR6121-80-DH7 31043 1.92 2066 97 2.8 47 94 992.0 74.4 14.2 1.9 DN009818[1]//DN996738[1]/PR6121-80-DH10 31046 1.761898 89 3.3 48 92 97 1.8 73.7 14.7 1.9DN009818[1]//DN996738[1]/PR6121-80-DH11 31047 2.03 2190 103 2.7 48 94106 1.8 74.9 13.8 1.8 DN009818[1]//DN996738[1]/PR6121-84-DH4 31056 1.621746 82 3.3 47 94 99 1.5 72.7 15.4 2.3DN009818[1]//DN996738[1]/PR6121-84-DH10 31062 1.78 1915 90 2.8 47 92 1001.5 73.7 14.8 2.1 G31064 31064 2.20 2370 111 2.7 47 93 102 1.0 74.4 14.42.0 % Oil % Protein % Meal Tot Pedigree, Inbred code, or Name C22:1C24:0 C24:1 % Sats DM DM Protein DM Gluc Chlorophyll 46A65 0.0 0.1 0.26.7 47.5 23.0 43.9 14.7 10.8 Q2 0.2 0.1 0.2 6.6 47.2 24.0 45.3 11.3 11.9Nex 828 CL 0.0 0.2 0.2 6.3 46.7 22.4 42.4 11.9 13.7 5020 0.0 0.1 0.1 7.047.8 22.9 43.7 9.5 11.1 DN009818[1]//DN996738[1]/PR6121-7-DH7 0.0 0.20.2 6.9 48.1 22.9 44.1 7.3 12.3 G30731 0.0 0.1 0.1 7.0 47.3 23.6 44.66.6 10.6 DN009818[1]//DN996738[1]/PR6121-8-DH14 0.0 0.1 0.1 6.9 48.022.9 44.1 6.8 8.4 DN009818[1]//DN996738[1]/PR6121-8-DH18 0.0 0.1 0.1 6.847.1 23.0 43.7 88 10.0 G30789 0.0 0.1 0.1 6.8 49.4 22.5 44.6 6.6 12.4DN009818[1]//DN996738[1]/PR6121-20-DH2 0.0 0.2 0.2 6.8 48.9 23.5 46.15.7 10.9 G2X0038 0.0 0.1 0.1 7.2 47.2 23.9 45.1 6.4 10.0 G30865 0.0 0.10.1 6.7 49.1 22.5 44.2 7.7 10.6 G30900 0.0 0.1 0.1 6.5 50.5 23.0 46.36.5 9.9 G30927 0.0 0.1 0.2 6.7 50.4 22.3 44.7 8.8 11.4 G30930 0.0 0.10.1 6.8 50.6 22.2 44.8 6.7 11.8 G030937 0.0 0.1 0.1 6.8 50.7 23.3 47.06.5 7.2 G30961 0.0 0.1 0.2 6.9 47.3 23.1 43.6 9.0 10.7DN009818[1]//DN996738[1]/PR6121-69-DH1 0.0 0.1 0.1 6.8 45.9 23.6 43.99.9 7.7 G030994 0.1 0.1 0.1 6.5 50.1 23.1 46.2 8.9 11.7 G30995 0.0 0.10.2 6.7 49.4 23.5 46.1 7.3 8.9 G30996 0.0 0.1 0.1 6.7 48.8 23.4 45.6 9.611.1 G30998 0.0 0.1 0.1 6.7 48.9 23.3 45.5 7.8 11.2 G2X0062 0.0 0.1 0.16.5 50.2 23.1 46.1 8.4 10.3 G2X0063 0.0 0.1 0.2 7.0 49.1 23.0 45.1 6.511.9 DN009818[1]//DN996738[1]/PR6121-80-DH7 0.0 0.1 0.1 7.0 48.1 23.044.1 9.7 9.8 DN009818[1]//DN996738[1]/PR6121-80-DH10 0.0 0.1 0.1 7.147.2 23.5 44.6 5.3 9.5 DN009818[1]//DN996738[1]/PR6121-80-DH11 0.0 0.10.1 6.9 47.8 23.2 44.2 8.9 10.8 DN009818[1]//DN996738[1]/PR6121-84-DH40.0 0.2 0.2 7.0 46.2 23.6 43.8 6.6 8.9DN009818[1]//DN996738[1]/PR6121-84-DH10 0.0 0.1 0.1 6.9 46.5 23.3 43.56.9 9.7 G31064 0.0 0.1 0.1 6.8 49.1 22.5 44.1 8.3 10.3

TABLE 3 Yield % Meal Tot Chloro- (Kg/Ha) ESV DTF DTM HGT LDG C18:1 C18:2C18:3 C22:1 % Sats % Oil Protein Gluc phyll Name Mn Mean Mn Mn Mn Mn MnMn Mn Mn Mn DM Mn DM Mn Mn Mn 46A65 2352.9 3.0 49.9 96 113 1.5 65.4717.70 7.13 0.03 6.87 46.71 47.4 14.24 5.60 Q2 2367.0 2.9 52.2 98 116 1.564.06 17.64 8.16 0.23 7.06 46.53 44.5 13.16 7.32 5020 3093.3 1.6 49.1 95114 1.3 64.75 17.28 8.22 0.03 6.98 48.57 45.0 12.94 3.11 Nex 845 CL2610.8 2.2 50.1 100 112 1.0 75.74 12.84 1.72 0.03 6.74 47.90 47.6 10.755.40 Nex 828 CL 2279.0 2.9 54.6 102 128 1.0 75.35 13.27 1.79 0.06 6.6045.72 46.5 11.00 10.17 CL46758 2286.8 2.8 51.8 100 114 1.0 74.90 13.301.91 0.04 6.87 48.43 47.9 11.26 7.22 CL46980 2292.7 2.6 50.6 98 109 1.874.78 13.59 1.94 0.05 6.59 47.38 49.1 12.01 9.37 CL31613 2439.7 2.6 52.399 121 1.0 76.03 12.90 1.54 0.03 6.57 48.81 45.0 7.54 8.35 CL316552327.9 2.6 49.1 97 112 1.0 75.24 13.59 1.74 0.07 6.41 47.61 48.2 8.537.13 CL31702 2404.5 3.0 51.7 101 124 1.3 73.87 14.81 1.75 0.06 6.5347.61 45.1 8.78 11.17 CL32041 2437.7 2.7 53.0 99 115 1.3 75.23 13.251.70 0.08 6.53 47.04 46.3 10.82 10.24 CL32134 2443.0 3.2 53.8 103 1211.0 74.47 14.40 1.90 0.03 6.18 49.25 49.2 9.69 6.65 G31064 2474.8 3.152.1 98 114 1.3 76.73 12.17 1.57 0.05 6.87 47.64 44.0 11.60 5.88 45P702728.6 1.7 49.0 97 116 1.3 64.30 17.49 8.33 0.03 6.97 47.46 44.9 14.127.48

TABLE 4 Yield % Meal Tot Chloro- (Kg/Ha) ESV DTF DTM HGT LDG C18:1 C18:2C18:3 C22:1 % Sats % Oil Protein Gluc phyll Name Mn Mean Mn Mn Mn Mn MnMn Mn Mn Mn DM Mn DM Mn Mn Mn 46A65 2325.3 3.3 50.0 96 118 1.5 65.4717.69 7.19 0.04 6.88 47.42 46.6 14.10 6.40 Q2 2384.1 3.0 52.1 98 118 1.364.05 17.86 8.13 0.23 7.02 46.23 44.7 13.65 7.46 5020 2989.2 1.7 49.0 95116 1.3 64.49 17.48 8.39 0.04 7.00 48.95 44.5 12.69 3.46 Nex 845 CL2512.1 2.2 50.0 99 109 1.0 75.69 12.91 1.76 0.03 6.81 48.55 47.4 10.985.33 Nex 828 CL 2305.3 2.8 54.5 103 130 1.0 75.25 13.38 1.73 0.06 6.5745.75 46.6 10.83 10.96 G2X0023 2431.3 3.2 53.0 99 116 1.0 75.27 13.122.03 0.05 6.91 48.79 44.3 9.66 8.47 G30789 2450.4 3.2 53.1 101 119 1.575.37 13.40 1.50 0.04 7.01 48.40 44.6 10.28 10.22 G30900 2434.3 3.0 53.2100 123 1.8 75.34 13.65 1.71 0.03 6.68 50.93 47.3 8.49 7.11 G0309942489.9 2.9 54.2 101 121 1.0 73.51 15.13 1.82 0.06 6.77 48.41 48.0 10.577.41 G50073 2450.2 2.9 54.0 100 124 1.0 74.00 14.54 1.80 0.06 6.93 47.0148.5 10.88 7.33 G50085 2422.0 2.8 54.1 100 121 1.0 73.99 14.65 1.71 0.056.94 47.46 47.9 10.88 6.70 G50095 2487.3 2.7 54.0 101 122 1.0 73.5115.15 1.86 0.04 6.75 48.45 47.8 10.65 6.81

TABLE 5 C1C06: PER SE at Cudworth, Rosthern, Entry Means ReportSummary-RYT's Name Geno_Id Yield (KG/Ha) ESV Mean DTF Mn DTM Mn HGT MnLDG Mn Nex 828 CL 15535 3199.9 2.50 50.00 114.50 113 1.00 Nex 840 CL21168 2731.2 2.00 50.00 109.50 98 1.00 Nex 845 CL 21641 2957.5 2.5051.00 112.00 103 2.00 NX4-102 RR 31022 3092.1 2.50 50.00 110.50 100 1.00G2X0048 37831 2553.4 2.50 55.00 116.00 133 1.00 CL60855R 60855 2833.62.00 51.00 111.50 103 2.00 DN040244A 74191 2230.2 2.50 53.00 110.50 1002.00 DN040845A 75266 2828.2 2.50 52.00 115.50 100 2.00 CL77606R 776063000.5 2.50 51.00 113.00 108 1.00 Q2 15439 2467.2 3.50 50.00 109.50 1082.00 46A65 15440 2467.2 3.50 51.00 111.00 90 1.00 5020 20900 2914.3 1.5047.00 103.50 90 1.00

TABLE 6 Finished females used in for CF RHY production in Chile 2008-09FAME GC Updated NIR Nov 20 Name C18:1 C18:3 % Sats Oil Protein Tot GlucChlorophyll ADF Fu58Drakkar/DN011515[5] = B = 898 = 75.5 1.7 6.5 40.533.0 13.2 19.2 16.7 55 = 32 = 209 Nex 828 CL 78.0 1.4 7.1 40.5 32.3 11.69.7 18.4 Fu58Drakkar/DN040244[4] = B = 69 = 75.3 1.7 7.3 39.6 31.7 10.89.0 10.2 14 = 17 Nex 840 CL 75.4 1.7 7.6 39.4 31.3 9.3 6.2 10.4Fu58Drakkar/DN040845[4] = B = 49 = 76.4 1.6 7.4 40.5 31.4 14.2 7.9 11.0198 = 390 Nex 845 CL 76.1 1.6 7.9 38.4 31.6 11.4 9.3 11.9Fu58Drakkar/DN011515[3]//G2X0048[2] = 76.8 1.4 7.2 43.8 28.3 8.9 19.819.4 B = 119 G2X0048 77.3 1.4 7.3 43.4 29.1 8.1 19.7 19.7

What is claimed is:
 1. An elite canola inbred plant having a mutant fad2gene and a mutant fad3 gene and is stabilized for seed oil having anoleic acid content of greater than 70% and a yield greater than 2100kg/ha, and wherein the plant otherwise comprises all of thephysiological and morphological characteristics of canola cultivarCL31613, G31064, DN040244A, DN040845A, or G030994.
 2. An elite canolainbred plant having a mutant fad2 gene and a mutant fad3 gene and isstabilized for seed oil having an oleic acid content of greater than 70%and a yield greater than 2100 kg/ha and further comprising anα-linolenic acid value of less than 3% or produces a meal with aglucosinolate content of less than 12 μmol/gram of meal, and wherein theplant otherwise comprises all of the physiological and morphologicalcharacteristics of canola cultivar CL31613, G31064, DN040244A,DN040845A, or G030994.
 3. An elite canola inbred plant having a mutantfad2 gene and a mutant fad3 gene and is stabilized for seed oil havingan oleic acid content of greater than 70% and a yield greater than 2100kg/ha and further comprising resistance to Blackleg, Fusarium wilt, orWhite Rust, and wherein the plant otherwise comprises all of thephysiological and morphological characteristics of canola cultivarCL31613, G31064, DN040244A, DN040845A, or G030994.
 4. An elite canolainbred plant having a mutant fad2 gene and a mutant fad3 gene and isstabilized for seed oil having an oleic acid content of greater than 70%and a yield greater than 2100 kg/ha and herbicide resistance to anherbicide selected from the group consisting of imidazolinone,sulfonylurea, glyphosate, glufosinate, L-phosphinothricin, triazine,Dicamba, 2,4-D, and benzonitrile, and wherein the plant otherwisecomprises all of the physiological and morphological characteristics ofcanola cultivar CL31613, G31064, DN040244A, DN040845A, or G030994.
 5. Amethod for obtaining canola seed, the method comprising: harvesting aseed of the elite canola inbred plant of claim
 1. 6. A method forobtaining canola seed, the method comprising: harvesting a seed of theelite canola inbred plant of claim
 2. 7. A method for obtaining canolaseed, the method comprising: harvesting a seed of the elite canolainbred plant of claim
 3. 8. A method for obtaining canola seed, themethod comprising: harvesting a seed of the elite canola inbred plant ofclaim 4.